Nitrates In Water

A source of water containing nitrates in amounts above 10 PPM (Parts Per Million) must not be used for infants drinking water or in the feeding formula up to the age of 12 months. The reason for not giving water with a high nitrate content to a small baby is that these nitrates, in large amounts, have been associated with causing the infant disease Methamoglobinemia. This is a form of cyanosis (Blue Baby) which is a serious condition. This condition is not to be confused with another "Blue Baby" condition which is due to a heart defect. It is recommended by the health department that:

1. This water is not to be used for children under 12 months of age.
2. If you do have a child under 12 months of age, consult your physician.
3. If you or someone on your household is pregnant, consult your physician.

It should be noted that boiling or disinfecting this water will not lower the nitrate content. Since nitrate levels in this area remain relatively stable, it should be understood that this problem should be considered permanent. There are treatment devices on the market which reduce nitrate levels to acceptable levels. Consult your plumber or water treatment professional for more information.

Frequently Asked Questions

Where do nitrates come from?

Nitrates are naturally occurring chemicals that come from fertilizer, sewage, manure and decayed vegetable matter. In agricultural areas nitrate levels often test higher when more fertilizer is applied than plants will absorb. Because nitrates are water-soluble, the excess can then end up in ground water.

How does drinking water high in nitrates affect infants?

When nitrates are ingested they go through a series of chemical reactions which may decrease the amount of oxygen in the blood-stream. This lack of oxygen may impart a bluish color to the skin of the infant, hence the name: Blue Baby Syndrome. The condition is serious  and any child exhibiting these symptoms should have immediate medical attention.

How about older children?

As a baby matures, their digestive system is better able to counteract the harmful effects of nitrate. This happens usually around the age of six months.

If my water is high in nitrate can I use it for washing and bathing?

Yes. Nitrates are only harmful if they are ingested.

How often should I have my water tested?

Well water should be tested at least annually for bacteria and nitrate. Springs and shallow wells should be monitored more frequently because they are often under the influence of surface water. Water should be tested whenever there is a change in the taste, color or odor. Although nitrate itself is colorless, odorless and tasteless, these changes may indicate a problem with the construction of the well or in the aquifer which supplies the water to your well.

Unlike municipal systems, which are monitored routinely, the privately owned well is rarely tested after the initial check by the health department. Because sensory clues are often absent in cases of water pollution, it is vital to have a routine testing program for your water supply.

Routine Water Testing Program

The Routine Water Testing Program at Fountain Valley Analytical Lab is an easy and inexpensive way of keeping track of your water quality.

Simply call: (410) 848-1014 or (410) 876-4554 or email us at CWM@fval.com for more information.

© 2005 Fountain Valley Laboratory, Inc.
Last update November 27, 2005